BIGGEST DISASTER IN INDONESIEN

Prior to the 1883 eruption, seismic activity around Krakatoa was very high, causing a number of earthquakes to be felt as far as Australia. On May 20, 1883, the steam release began to occur regularly in Perboewatan, the northernmost island of the Krakatau Islands. The release of volcanic ash reached a height of up to 6 km and the sound of the eruption was heard up to Batavia (now Jakarta), which is 160 km from Krakatau. Volcanic activity declined in late May, and no further activity was recorded until the next few weeks. [Need a reference] The eruption again occurred on June 16, which caused a loud eruption and covered the island with thick black clouds for five days. On June 24, a blasting east wind cleared the cloud, and two fog rolls rose from Krakatau. This eruption is believed to have caused the emergence of two new ventilation formed between Perboewatan and Danan. Mountain activity also causes the tide in the vicinity to be very high, and ships at the port must be moored with chains to avoid being dragged by the sea. Earthquake shocks began to be felt in Anyer, West Java, and Dutch ships reported on the existence of a large floating stone floating in the Indian Ocean to the west. On August 11, the Dutch topographist, Captain H. J. G. Ferzenaar, began investigating the island. He found three rolls of ash covering the island, and steam release from at least eleven other vents, mostly in Danan and Rakata. Upon landing, Ferzenaar notes a layer of ash as thick as 0.5 m, and the destruction of all island vegetation, leaving only tree stumps. The next day, a passing ship reported on the existence of a new vent which is "only a few meters above sea level". Krakatau volcanic activity continues until mid-August On August 25, the eruption is on the rise. At around 13:00 on the 26th of August, Krakatoa entered a paroxyped phase. An hour later, observers can see a black ash cloud with a height of 27 km (17 mi). At this moment, eruptions occur continuously and explosions are heard every ten minutes. Sailing vessels within 20 km (12 mi) of Krakatau have been bombarded with thick ash, with pieces of hot pumice nearly 10 cm (3.9 in) in diameter landed on the deck of the ship. A small tsunami hit the coast of Java and Sumatra nearly 40 km (25 mi) away at 18.00 and 19.00. On August 27, four major eruptions occurred at 05.30, 06.44, 10.02, and 10:41 local time. At 5:30, the first eruption occurred in Perboewatan, which triggered a tsunami toward Teluk Betung. At 06:44, Krakatau erupted again in Danan, causing a tsunami in the east and west. The big eruption at 10:02 was so loud and nearly 3,110 km (1,930 mi) away to Perth, Western Australia and Rodrigues in Mauritius (4,800 km (3,000 mi) away). Residents there thought that the eruption was a gunshot sound from a nearby ship. Each eruption is accompanied by a tsunami wave, whose height is believed to reach 30 m in some places. The areas of the Sunda Strait and some parts of the coast of Sumatra are also affected by the pyroclastic flows of volcanoes. The energy released from the explosion is estimated to be equivalent to 200 megatons of TNT, [2] roughly four times stronger than the Tsar Bomba (the most powerful thermonuclear weapon ever blown up). At 10.41, a landslide that knocked down half of Rakata triggered a final eruption The ships that sailed far into South Africa also reported tsunami shocks, and the bodies of the victims floated in the ocean for months after the incident. The town of Merak, Banten was devastated by the tsunami, as well as cities along the northern coast of Sumatra up to 40 km (25 mi) away to the mainland. [6] As a result of the eruption of Krakatau, the islands of the Krakatau Islands almost completely disappeared, except for three islands in the south. The Rakata cone volcano is separated along a vertical cliff, leaving a 250-meter (250-ft) deep caldera. Of the two islands in the north, only the rocky islands are named Bootsmansrots are left; Poolsche Hoed also disappeared completely. A year after the eruption, the average global temperature dropped 1.2 ° C. The weather pattern remained irregular for many years, and the temperature was never normal until 1888. [need a refer